![]() ![]() In extreme cases, this can result in death due to respiratory or circulatory failure. The combined effect causes sudden and severe stress to the entire human body. It also overstimulates the production of the neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and norephinephrine, causing paralysis of the entire nervous system. The main effect of a neurotoxic venom is to block nerve impulses to the muscles, causing cramps and rigidity and also disrupting many of the body's functions. Generally, neurotoxic venoms kill more quickly than cytotoxic venoms. There are no confirmed records of spider bites in Australia causing necrotic lesions, although the bites of Recluse Spiders, which are native to the Americas, have been confirmed to cause tissue necrosis. Necrotic venoms cause damage to the tissues, such as blisters and lesions. ![]() The best known example is the venom of the Black Widow/Redback spiders (Latrodectus species). Neurotoxic venoms work directly on the nervous system. There are basically two types of venom that have an effect on humans: neurotoxic and cytotoxic (or necrotic) venoms. ![]() Common venom effects include paralysis, interference with blood clotting, breakdown of muscle, pain, breakdown of tissues and effects on the cardiorespiratory system (the heart and lungs). Venoms may affect many systems of the body. Most venoms consist of a complex mixture of chemical substances, including proteins, peptides, sugars and other substances. Venoms are made by specialised organs, such as modified salivary glands, and are delivered via specialised systems such grooved or hollow fangs. made by an animal) used for the purpose of attack or defence. Venoms are chemicals of biological origin (i.e. ![]()
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